jerusalem christianity

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The Orthodox Church and its patriarch split away from the Roman Catholic Church and the pope in 1054 because of political and doctrinal differences. Jews worship at the Western Wall . This holy place in Jerusalem is sacred to Muslims, Jews, and Christians, and stands as the highest point in East Jerusalem. Jerusalem was the first center of the church, according to the Book of Acts, and according to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the location of "the first Christian church". Historical Maps. Therefore, we prioritize updating the latest information so that you do Samantalang nagpapatuloy si Jesus patungo sa Jerusalem, siyay inanyayahan sa bahay ng isang pinun ng mga Fariseo. The city of Jerusalem is historically significant for number of religious traditions, including:Judaism,Christianityand Islam, which consider it a holy city. The donkey was a royal Now, by the way, most people have it in their mind that the meekness and the lowliness was the donkey. It is from Jerusalem that Christianity spread to various parts of the Middle East and to the rest of the world (Wilkinson The Cradle of Early Christianity: Nazareth & Sea of Galilee Private 1-Day Tour. The Christian Arab presence predates the early Muslim conquests and there were many Arab tribes that adhered to Christianity, beginning in the 1st century. Main article: Religious significance of Jerusalem For Christians , Jerusalem 's place in the life of Jesus gives it great importance, in addition to its place in the Old Testament , the Hebrew Bible . Jerusalems Christian population increased by only 1% in 2018, as opposed to the Muslim community, which increased by 2.5%, and the Jewish population, which saw an increase of 1.8% in Jerusalem. Since 1994 a licensed tour guide in Israel). The Old City of Jerusalem is sacred to Christians as the site where Jesus Christ spent his last days on earth. Jerusalem definition, a city in Israel: an ancient holy city and a center of pilgrimage for Jews, Christians, and Muslims; divided between Israel and Jordan 194867; Jordanian sector annexed by Israel 1967; Israel's capital since 1950 (but not recognized as

Duration 10 hrs. A delegation, led by the Apostle According to the New Testament, Jerusalem was the city to which Jesus was brought as a child, to be presented at the Temple and to attend festivals ().According to the Canonical gospels, Jesus preached and healed in Jerusalem, especially in the Temple Courts.Jerusalem historian Dan Mazar reported in a series of articles in the Jerusalem Christian Review on the archaeological

With the establishment of the first community of Christians in Jerusalem, which dates back to apostolic times (Act 2.4), the first Christian Church was established. The following comparison is primarily based on the New International Version (NIV): Jesus, the discipes and the crowd went to Bethphage from Jericho (20:29).

The Book of Revelation proclaims the anticipation of the new, heavenly Jerusalem (Rv 3:12.

Its adherents live mainly in the Balkans, the Middle East, and former Soviet countries. Jerusalem is the place where Jesus Christ died and was raised from the dead on the third day.

Jerusalem, also known as Salem or Zion, is the Jewish holy city and the third holiest city in Islam. Starting at Revelation 21:9, the Apostle John gives his final vision in Revelation of the city of God, the New Jerusalem, where Christians will spend their eternal lives forever before the face of God. These are extracted from the e The importance of Jerusalem for Christians.

The Germanic words for God were originally neuterapplying to both After King David conquered the city, it became the capital of the United Israelite Kingdom and later of Judea. Church of All Nations. In the Christian gospels, the ministry of Jesus begins with his baptism in the countryside of Roman Judea and Transjordan, near the river Jordan, and ends in Jerusalem, following the Last Supper with his disciples. Jerusalem. The word of the L ord of hosts came to me, saying: 2Thus says the L ord of hosts: I am jealous for Zion with great jealousy, and I am jealous for her with great wrath. Resurrection in Christianity is the central and basic event, the core of Christian belief without which Christianity doesnt exist and religion loses its essence. 2 They found the stone rolled away from the tomb; 3 but when they entered, they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. Patriarch Theophilos III warned of "extremist Jewish forces who have targeted the Christian quarter to alter" the history of the site. Jerusalem or the Holy City is the sacred site for three religious followers namely Christians, Muslims and Jews from over three centuries. Little is known of the city from the time of Hadrian (AD 130) to that of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great, when Christianity became the religion of the empire. Jerusalem was the capital of King Davids Israel in the Hebrew Bible, as well as the city where Davids son Solomon built his temple. She was the mother of Constantine the Great, the emperor who, during his reign (324-337), established Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire. Jerusalem is most significant to Christians because in their beliefs it is the location of Christs crucifixion, death and ultimate resurrection. Jerusalem is the capital of the modern nation of Israel and a major holy city for the three Western traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.It sits on spurs of bedrock between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea area. The real center of Jesus ministry in Luke is "Judea," that is, the Jewish-populated part of Palestine, without too much attention to geographical distinctions between Galilee, Samaria, and Judea proper. 516 BCE - Cyrus Permits Jews in Babylonian Exile to Return to Jerusalem; Second Temple Built. The Old City of Jerusalem is sacred to Christians as the site where Jesus Christ spent his last days on earth. The history and doctrine of the Church began there. Below is a brief summary of why Jerusalem was in the minds of medieval Christians so much a part of their heritage. Long an object of veneration and conflict, the holy city of Jerusalem has been governed, both as a provincial town and a national capital, by an extended series of dynasties and states. The Jerusalem Post Customer Service Center can be contacted with any questions or requests: Telephone: *2421 * Extension 4 Jerusalem Post or 03-7619056 Fax: 03-5613699 E-mail: [email protected] Jerusalem is perhaps the only city in the world that is considered historically and spiritually significant to Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike. Some of the most sacred places for each of these religions are found in Jerusalem and the one shared between all three is the Temple Mount. It follows an arson attack on a church in the Garden of Gethsemane in December and anti-Christian graffiti sprayed onto the doors of the Dormition Abbey, a Benedictine community in Jerusalem, last May. God makes some strong statements about Jerusalem that reveal His desire, His emotions. b 5 They were The Six-Day War and its surprising conquests of Bethlehem and East Jerusalem, home to most of Christianitys holy places and the centers of the different churches in the Holy Land, served to further heighten the fears of the local Christian communities and churches and also among international Christian elements. Gessius Florus loved money and hated Jews. Jerusalem is an important place of pilgrimage for Christians, just as it is for Jews and Muslims.

Jerusalem is home to three monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and has long been an illuminating example of a mosaic community. Get in-depth analysis on current news, happenings and headlines. As time came for His own sacrifice on Mount Moriah, Luke 9:51 says that Jesus was determined to go to Jerusalem. Read unique story pieces & columns written by editors and columnists at National Post. The temple-building tradition of Mesopotamia derived from the cults of gods and deities in the Mesopotamian religion.It spanned several civilizations; from Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian.The most common temple architecture of Mesopotamia is the structure of sun-baked bricks called a Ziggurat, having the form of a terraced step pyramid with a flat upper terrace

Temple Mount- by - Wikimedia Commons. According to the New Testament writings he was firstborn from the dead, ushering in the Kingdom of God. Jesus Jerusalem was divided against itself, as well as against the Romans. SuperStock / Getty Images. From Amos (8th century bce) onward the religion of Israel was marked by tension between the concept of monotheism, Jewish) scriptures during the Passover feast. Numerous branches of Christianity developed from major and minor splits. The city of Jerusalem is known in Arabic as Al-Quds or Baitul-Maqdis ("The Noble, Sacred Place"), and the importance of the city to Muslims comes as a surprise to some Christians and Jews. The protests were against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza that had begun twenty years prior, in 1967. The disciples were instructed to untie the animals and bring them to him. King Solomon built the first Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, which I believe was destroyed when Judea was conquered by the Babylonian Empire. Little is known of the city from the time of Hadrian (AD 130) to that of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great, when Christianity became the religion of the empire. Location: Christian Quarter, Old City. We have a great online selection at the lowest prices with Fast & Free shipping on many items! From the time of Christ's crucifixion onwards, a small Christian community lived in the city.

Cf Gal 4:26. The elect among the Jews converted to Christianity and became the nucleus of a new world people, in which there was no longer either Jew or Hellene. When the Roman general sacked the temple, the Jews were forced into a new eraand so were the Christians. During its history it has been conquered, destroyed, re-conquered, put under siege and rebuilt each of these several times over. Some of the most sacred places for each of these religions are found in Jerusalem and the Jesus Christ selected the 12 apostles from among his early followers to become his closest companions. Much later, in the early 4th century, Christianity was legalized in the Roman Empire. 4 While they were puzzling over this, behold, two men in dazzling garments appeared to them. In the early The Second Temple was built in the time

In Christian tradition, Jerusalems place in the life of Jesus gives it great importance, in addition to its place in the Old Testament.Jerusalem is the place where Jesus was brought as a child, to be presented at the Temple (Luke 2:22) and to attend festivals (Luke 2:41). Jerusalem is generally considered the cradle of Christianity. According to the New Testament, Jerusalem was the city to which Jesus was brought as a child, to be presented at the Temple ( Luke 2:22) and to attend festivals ( Luke 2:41 ). According to the canonical gospels, Jesus preached and healed in Jerusalem, especially in the Temple Courts.

Jerusalem (/ d r u s l m /; Hebrew: Yerushalyim; Arabic: al-Quds) is a city in Western Asia.Situated on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea, it is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy for the three major Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Major Themes and Life Lessons . The holiness of Jerusalem in Christianity, conserved in the Septuagint which Christians adopted as their own authority, was reinforced by the New Testament account of

To the north and west, it tapers off to the Jezreel Valley and the hills of the Galilee, while to the south lies the Judean desert. By His death and resurrection, He fulfilled the Law in Jerusalem. The holy city fell first to the Persians and finally to the Muslims.

Doug Bookman describes the reason for Jesus entering on a donkey as the following transcription of his explanation: "Zechariah 9, verse 9 said 'Behold O Jerusalem of Zion, the King comes onto you meek and lowly riding upon a donkey.' The thousands of religious expressions, movements, sects, cults, and new religions that have emerged within the "clusters" or categories referred to as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were born of spiritual environments that were formed, in part, through the

But Christianity in the Holy Land lived on. In the Old Testament "Gehinnom" or Gei-ben-Hinnom, the Valley of the Son of Hinnom is an accursed Valley in Jerusalem where allegedly child sacrifices had taken place.In the gospels, Jesus talks about "Gehenna" (Greek rendering) as a place "where the worm never dies and the fire is never Jerusalem is perhaps the only city in the world that is considered historically and spiritually significant to Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike. Jesus At Jerusalem equipped with a HD resolution 640 x 224.You can save Jesus At Jerusalem for free to your devices. Moreover, 9% of Israels Christian Arab population lives in Israels capital, making it the third largest concentration of Christian Arabs in all of Israel.

Come Pray IN Jerusalem; Christianity: In the Beginning; Virtual Tour -- The Garden Tomb; All About Gethsemane . The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * hu-t-m was likely based on the root * hau()-, which meant either "to call" or "to invoke". It was also the site of other significant episodes of Jesus life. The article introduces you to some of the holy places for Christianity in Jerusalem. Each of these sites has a unique significance that is difficult to overlook. In Christianity, Jerusalem is sometimes interpreted as an allegory or type for the Church of Christ. Preamble 1. Eastern Orthodoxy, official name Orthodox Catholic Church, one of the three major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity.

In biblical times, Jewish people who could not We were established in 2004 with a desire to build a bridge between the nations and Israel through our gift shop and News from Jerusalem service.

Starting at Revelation 21:9, the Apostle John gives his final vision in Revelation of the city of God, the New Jerusalem, where Christians will spend their eternal lives forever before the face of God.The New Jerusalem is the fulfillment of all Gods promises and exemplifies His goodness. Known historical records of Jerusalem date back to around 3,000 BC, when the Canaanites lived there. Thus the significance of Jerusalem for Christians has two inseparable fundamental dimensions: 1.

Catholic Jerusalem. Of that number, 12,600 of them are Arab Christians. Jesus At Jerusalem images that posted in this website was uploaded by Media.nbcmontana.com. The Resurrection of Jesus.

Gods Promises to Zion. 1. Breaking news about christianity from The Jerusalem Post. We fundraise through pledges for walks, symbolically hiking the distance of the eight million steps from southern Sweden to Jerusalem. Jesus, the Jewish Messiah, who died for the sins of all who put their trust in his redeeming blood, was crucified appropriately and in perfect fulfilment of the Old Testament (i.e.

In the story of Lazarus, Jesus speaks one of the most powerful messages ever: "Whoever believes in Jesus Christ, receives spiritual life that even physical death can never take away. There is a vast apocalyptic tradition that focuses on the heavenly Jerusalem instead of the literal and historical city of Jerusalem. Our shop, located in Jerusalem, the heart of the Holy Land, has a huge inventory of unique gifts that we have provided for you, our valued customers. The New Testament has a It is the spiritual capital of the world, comprising a family of faiths, all of which enjoy a long and unique rich heritage. The following provides some facts on the underlying beliefs of the three religions. The New Jerusalem is not limited to eschatology, however. Jewish people face Jerusalem when they pray. Updated on The Old City of Jerusalem has within its walls holy places central to Judaism, Christianity and Islam. *Includes pictures of the church *Includes a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents The mostisbn: 1506104835. isbn13: 9781506104836. author: Kosta Jesus was crucified in the city of Jerusalem around 30 A.D. A Romanian Orthodox Church in the Musrara neighbourhood of East Jerusalem was the victim of an arson attack on 2 February. If you are looking for the latest and most special shopping information for "Christian Embassy In Jerusalem " results, we will bring you the latest promotions, along with gift information, and information about Sale Occasions you may be interested in during the year. Persian Period (539-322 BCE) 539 BCE - Persian Ruler Cyrus the Great Conquers Babylonian Empire, Including Jerusalem. Steps for Christianity Towards Jerusalem Steps for Christianity is an ongoing project dedicated to raising support for Christian causes and charitable needs across Europe and the Holy Land. Mount of Olives The Mount of Olives is a prominent location mentioned in the Scriptures, first as King Davids escape route during the rebellion of his son, later in the prophets, however it is most known and referred in the New Testament, where Jesus taught his pupils, where he wept over Jerusalem (Matthew 26:36-39), and where Jesus

Because each of these three religions are Abrahamic, they all emphasize monotheism and share a reverence for many of the same Prophets. 3. The destruction of Jerusalem and the consequent dispersion of Jews and Jewish Christians from the city (after the Bar Kokhba revolt) ended any pre-eminence of the Jewish-Christian leadership in Jerusalem. P. granatum leaves are opposite or subopposite, glossy, narrow oblong, entire, 37 cm (1 + 1 4 2 + 3 4 in) long and 2 cm (3 4 in) broad. When Jerusalem Wept. Promotions can be up to 63, with limited quantities. Were happy to be your connection to Israel!

In both Judaism and Christianity, Jerusalem is viewed as a sacred place of great religious significance.

The triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem is narrated in Matthew 21:111, Mark 11:111, Luke 19:2844 and John 12:1219. In Christianity Main article: Jerusalem in Christianity.

A native Hungarian Jewish movement, Neolog is the largest Jewish denomination in the country and an affiliate of the Mazsihisz federation. The Jerusalem Rosaries Gift Store is located at the heart of the old city of Jerusalem, the holy land. Islam has three holy sites, Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. The first of my 140 predecessors was St James, the first leader of the church in Jerusalem and the brother of Jesus Christ. Beginning from Jerusalem covers the early formation of the Christian faith from 30 to 70 C.E.

Today the Temple Mount is under the control of the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf, a trust established to manage the Islamic structures in Jerusalem. Many Christians and Jews alike see the restoration of Jerusalem into the hands of the Jewish people in 1967 as a fulfillment of the Bible prophecy. Additionally, the city is home to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, perhaps the most sacred place in the entire Christian world. from $950 / group More info. The most famous council of the early Christian Church is probably the Council of Nicaea, which took place in AD 325 in the city of Nicaea, located just south of Constantinople, or modern-day Istanbul, Turkey. Later, in the 4th century A.D. This is why Helen, mother of Constantine, built churches there in the 4th century that commemorated these events in the life 21:2. A city with a community of Christians that has been living there continually since its origins. It rises over 2,600 feet into the air, and the observation deck offers sweeping panoramic views of the city beyond. Christians value Jerusalem as the site of much of Jesus ministry, the place where He was crucified and rose again, and the churchs birthplace (Acts 2). Christianity Expert.

Jerusalem can be called the City of God, the City of David, the City of Zion, or simply, Zion, but there is a greater Jerusalem coming, and it is all brand new and more glorious that anyone can describe. The city of Jerusalem is known in Arabic as Al-Quds or Baitul-Maqdis ("The Noble, Sacred Place"), and the importance of the city to Muslims comes as a surprise to some Christians and Jews. De Bouillon believed that the cross symbolized Jesus Christ and the city of Jerusalem which is the root of Christianity. The following comparison is primarily based on the New International Version (NIV): Jesus, the discipes and the crowd went to Bethphage from Jericho (20:29). Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out.

Both the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Christianity's most holy site which commemorates the crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension of Christ to The importance of Jerusalem to Christians is rooted in the significance attached to Jerusalem in the Bible. The Jerusalem Post Customer Service Center can be contacted with any questions or requests: Telephone: *2421 * Extension 4 Jerusalem Post or 03-7619056 Fax: 03-5613699 E-mail: [email protected] The New Jerusalem.

In a column in the Times of London on Saturday, His Beatitude, Theophilos III, said he believed the aim was to drive the Christian community from Jerusalem's Old City, which has Council of Jerusalem, a conference of the Christian Apostles in Jerusalem about 50 ce that decreed that Gentile Christians did not have to observe the Mosaic Law of the Jews. Let Us be your connection whatever you are with the sacred city of Jerusalem and Jesus Christ.

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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide as of 2019. The City of Jerusalem is a center of pilgrimage and an object of devotion for three religions. Departure days Every Day. The Jewish Historian Josephus tells us that Jewish philosophy at this time was divided into three important sects: The Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Essenes.But which sect did Jesus Christ belong In 614, the armies of "As a result of this incredible miracle of raising Lazarus from the dead, many people believed that Jesus was the Son of God and put their faith in Christ. The apostles lived and taught there for some time after Pentecost. Christians have been coming as pilgrims to Jerusalem since the 4th century, thus following in the footsteps of empress Helena.

The Temple Mount in Jerusalem is the most sacred site in Judaism, largely due to the temples that once stood there. A Holy City with Holy Places most precious to Christians because of their link with the history of salvation fulfilled in and through Jesus Christ.

Many Christians view the New Jerusalem as a current reality, that the New Jerusalem is the consummation of the Body of Christ, the Church and that Christians already take part in membership of both the heavenly Jerusalem and the earthly Church in a kind of dual citizenship. Explore northern Israel and the mystical Sea of Galilee with a professional tour guide Read more. Holy for Christianity According to the Christian faith, Jesus Christ was sentenced to death, crucified and then resurrected in Jerusalem, an act that not only became the central pillar of Christianity, but also marked Jerusalem as the holiest site in Christendom. On Monday, the 14th of November 1994, the heads of the Christian Communities in Jerusalem met in solemn conclave to discuss the status of the holy city and the situation of Christians there, at the conclusion of which, they issued the following declaration: The New Jerusalem is the fulfillment of

The resurrection of Jesus (Biblical Greek: ) is the Christian belief that God raised Jesus on the third day after his crucifixion, starting or restoring his exalted life as Christ and Lord.

On the Sunday before his death, Jesus began his trip to Jerusalem, knowing that soon he would lay down his life for our sins.Nearing the village of Bethphage, he sent two of his disciples ahead, telling them to look for a donkey and its unbroken colt. 1 a But at daybreak on the first day of the week they took the spices they had prepared and went to the tomb. The Meal in the House of the Pharisee by John Tissot, 1886-96, via the Brooklyn Museum . On The Significance Of Jerusalem For Christians. After outlining the quest for the historical church (parallel to the quest for the historical Jesus) and reviewing the sources, James Dunn follows the course of the movement stemming from Jesus beginning from Jerusalem. This is the obvious and simple significance of Jerusalem to the Christian world. Get the best deals for jesus jerusalem at eBay.com. As many as 12 different nations from all over the world came forward to donate funds to construct this holy church in Jerusalem. Heb 12:22). The fall of old Jerusalem looked like a confirmation that the Old Testament and its shrines were finally a thing of the past. Jerusalem is known to be one of the oldest cities in the world and is the focal point of the three monotheist religions of the worldJudaism, Christianity and Islam. King Jesus comes to Jerusalem (1219) Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem Jesus found a young donkey Blessed is the king of Israel! Look how the whole world has gone after him! King Jesus predicts the hour of his glorification - that is, the appointed time for his death, resurrection, and exaltation (20-30) Sources Pre-Islamic: Tanakh, New Testament and Babylonical Talmud. Jerusalem: The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is shared by various Christian denominations. The disputed status of Jerusalem is an indication of our prophetic times.

It was occasioned by the insistence of certain Judaic Christians from Jerusalem that Gentile Christians from Antioch in Syria obey the Mosaic custom of circumcision. In Jerusalem, the first Christian community incarnated the ecclesiastical ideal, and thus it remains a continuing reference point. These include the Western Wall, built by King Solomon in the tenth century BCE as a retaining wall to support the Temple Mount; the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, commenced in the fourth century CE under the Emperor Constantine; and the Dome of the Rock and the Al Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem is the source of Christianity. Jerusalem, known as al-Quds or Bayt al-Maqdis in Arabic, is a holy site for all three Abrahamic faiths, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In John it is notorious that Judea, indeed Jerusalem, Address : Shivtei Israel 12, Jerusalem, Israel. 8. Johns inspired words describe it as, Like that of a very precious jewel, like as jasper, General Biblical Studies, Interdenominational Christian Training Center; Mary Fairchild is a full-time Christian minister, writer, and editor of two Christian anthologies, including "Stories of Calvary." Christianity began as a movement within Judaism at a period when the Jews had long been dominated culturally and politically by foreign powers and had found in their religion (rather than in their politics or cultural achievements) the linchpin of their community. A shrub or small tree growing 5 to 10 m (16 to 33 ft) high, the pomegranate has multiple spiny branches and is long-lived, with some specimens in France surviving for 200 years. Here in Jerusalem, while we enjoy a brighter and warmer climate, we know what it is to live in the darkness. November 14, 1994. These Jerusalem Christians continued to worship in the temple and carefully observe the law of Moses. Read the latest updates on christianity including articles, videos, opinions and more. Jerusalem is important in Christianity because of its role in the life of Jesus. Jerusalem is the place where Jesus Christ died and was raised from the dead on the third day. The Romans destroyed the second Temple in 70 A.D.

As Patriarch of Jerusalem I have the privilege of leading the Greek Orthodox church in the Holy Land.

The earliest written form of the Germanic word God comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus.The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * uan. Resurrection in Christianity is the central and basic event, the core of Christian belief without which Christianity doesn't exist and religion loses its essence. The Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem has accused radical Israeli groups of threatening the presence of Christians in the holy city, in remarks that Israeli officials rejected as baseless. The church consists of 24 particular churches and almost v. t. e. The city of Jerusalem is sacred to many religious traditions, including the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam which consider it a holy city. Jerusalem is a place of pilgrimage for all the faithful, a sensory place to breathe the air, walk the land, absorb the smells, listen to the sounds and witness the human spirit in intimate moments of reaching out to God.

The Epistle to the Philippians is a Pauline epistle of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.The epistle is attributed to Paul the Apostle and Timothy is named with him as co-author or co-sender.

jerusalem christianity